Black Mountain's conclusion that its drilling will not affect water resources is without foundation, and threatened species and National Heritage are at risk, according to the Federal environment department.
A company with less than $5 million in the bank and a boss who lives in the US will soon get a red or green light from WA's environment watchdog.
The Belisama project inland from Dongara could supply up to 20 per cent of WA's demand from 2029.
Alinta's solution to soaring solar power in South West WA is more Mid-West wind farms backed with batteries and dispatchable gas.
Alinta Energy plans more wind backed by gas and batteries to support WA's surging rooftop solar that grew about 30 per cent in 2020.
WA households installed 300MW of rooftop solar in 2020 to take the total capacity in the South West to an estimated 1300MW.
Alinta head of asset strategy Gary Bryant said growing solar panel installations needed to be partnered with other power sources when solar generation dropped, and batteries were a costly solution to "time-shift" substantial amounts of power into the evening.
"Our focus is around wind being the big thing you need to supply when the sun's not shining," Bryant said.
Alinta started up its 212-megawatt Yandin wind farm in 2020 to add to its two gas-fired power stations in the South West, has plans lodged for a massive battery, and its eyes firmly on more wind generation in the Mid-West where the wind is strongest at night.
Peter Milne
Late last year Yandin, together with the 180MW Warradarge wind farm, connected to the South West grid, pushed coal out and wholesale prices down.
Bryant said the Mid-West was "the best place for wind farms in Australia by quite a long way."
"We have intentions to put more wind down."
Wind farms in the Mid-West are connected to Perth with a transmission line, carrying 330kV on one side and 132kV on the other, which needs to be expanded before more wind farms are connected.
"I think it's a relatively small amount of money to convert that (132kV side) to 330 kV, and then you don't you don't have to worry, it becomes a very strong network," Bryant said.
Energy Minister Bill Johnston launched the State Government's Whole of System Plan in October 2020 that favoured wind farms between Mandurah and Manjimup as existing transmission capacity was sufficient.
Peter Milne
Bryant said Alinta had not compared the two locations in detail, but a wind farm in the south with no costs for additional transmission but a lower capacity factor would probably be less attractive than a higher capacity wind farm in the north.
"I think it's fair to say that all the wind farm operators to the north will probably start to talk to the Government and Western Power about strengthening that part of the network," Bryant said.
"I think that will trigger the regulatory investment test for Western Power to look at the upgrading of that line."
A wind farm takes about seven years to develop. However, according to Bryant, four or five are under development in the Mid-West. Yandin already has approvals in place for about 40 turbines in addition to the 51 operating now.
Big batteries may be too expensive for large scale storage of solar energy in the middle of the day for discharge in the evening, however, Bryant said they are needed to support high penetration of variable renewable energy.
Bryant said cloud cover over part of the network with a high density of residential solar could see a drop in up to 200MW of generation. Batteries and fast response gas turbines were an important part of the response.
Peter Milne
Alinta plans to build a 100MW battery on the site of its Wagerup gas-fired power station. A final decision is waiting on the release of details of how the Essential Systems Services market will operate in WA so Alinta can model market rules and revenue streams in its business case.
"There's a good commercial opportunity there for us if the market plays out the way we believe it will," Bryant said.
Alinta's battery could be connected by early 2023. Synergy plans to have a similar-sized battery operational by late 2022.
Bryant said Alinta experienced how a battery can help a grid after operating its 30 MW unit at Newman in the Pilbara for three years.
"The first one is the non-thermal spinning reserve," Bryant said.
"Normally on a grid, you hold thermal generation online at partial load, so if one of the generators trips, those generators can increase their load to overcome any shortfall, so there's no loss of power."
Alinta now does not have to run an extra gas turbine inefficiently at part load. Instead, the battery can go from zero to full output in less than 0.1 seconds. In contrast, a gas turbine can only quickly pick up about a third of its capacity.
"They're very good in that contingent event of the loss of a gas turbine…for us that's probably the most important thing a battery does," Bryant said.
The battery also lets Alinta operate the gas turbines at their most efficient level for more time. The battery absorbs and discharges power to match fluctuating loads, so turbines do not have to be switched on and off, reducing both emissions and fuel costs.
The battery also helped with frequency control, voltage support, and provided synthetic inertia, allowing the system to have more stable responses to upsets.
Bryant said an expected added benefit of the battery was that it absorbed shocks to the system when a large load like a conveyor or crusher tripped and 20MW of load disappeared, keeping the system stable.
"I think that's a particularly not well understood and definitely undervalued attribute that you have from a battery," Bryant said.
"In the SWIS, when solar energy fluctuates, you can imagine the battery is sitting there acting in reverse to the power to keep the system smooth and stable."
Main image: Wind turbine at Yandin wind farm. Source: Alinta
The state-owned utility needs to replace the generation capacity it will lose by closing down all its coal-fired power stations over the next four years.
The operator of South West WA's power grid needs insolvent Griffin Coal to keep supplying a vital power station, but if the WA Government won't keep it going, who will?
The 200 wind turbines near Marble Bar are essential for the miner to reach its zero emissions goal set by chair Andrew Forrest.
Next summer the South West will have less coal-fired power available in the system but more storage from grid-scale batteries.
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